Medical Information Guide

Vulvar Cancer

A comprehensive guide covering symptoms, diagnosis,
and treatment options

Step 1

Recognising Symptoms

Vulvar cancer most often affects the labia (skin folds around the vagina), but it can occur anywhere on the vulva.

Persistent vulvar itching (lasting more than a few weeks)

A cut or sore that won't heal

A lump or mass on the vulva

Vulvar pain or tenderness

Unusual bleeding from the vulva (not menstrual)

Burning in the genital area that continues despite treatment

Changes in a mole or birthmark on the vulva (size, colour, or texture)

If you notice any of these symptoms, it's important to see your doctor promptly.

Step 2

Getting Diagnosed

Diagnosis usually begins with a physical and pelvic exam, followed by specialised tests.

Examination Steps:

Pelvic Exam

Checking the vulva, vagina, uterus, ovaries, bladder, and rectum for abnormalities

Biopsy

Removing a small piece of tissue from the vulva to test for cancer cells

Colposcopy

Using a magnifying instrument to closely examine the vulva

Chest X-rayCT or PET-CT scanMRIEndoscopy (if needed)

Step 3

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the stage, size, and spread of the cancer. Surgery is the most common approach.

Surgery (Primary Treatment)

Radical Wide Local Excision

Removing the cancerous tissue plus a margin of healthy tissue (usually at least 1 cm)

Radical Partial Vulvectomy

Removing a larger section of the vulva (one or both labia, and sometimes the clitoris)

Radical Vulvectomy

Removing the entire vulva, including inner and outer labia, and possibly the clitoris

Additional Treatments

Radiation Therapy

Often used with surgery to destroy remaining cancer cells

Chemotherapy

May be combined with radiation or used for advanced cases

This information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult with your healthcare provider for personalised medical guidance.