Women's Health Guide

Understanding Ovarian Cysts

Your comprehensive guide to symptoms, types, and treatment options

What Are Ovarian Cysts?

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that form in or on the ovaries. They are very common and usually form during ovulation.

Most are harmless, painless, and go away on their own
Many women get at least one cyst every month without knowing
About 8% of premenopausal women develop larger cysts that may need treatment

Important Note

Ovarian cysts are less common after menopause — but are more likely to be cancerous if they occur. Regular check-ups are important.

Types of Ovarian Cysts

Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts
Most cysts cause no symptoms, but larger or problematic cysts may cause:

Common Symptoms

Bloating, swelling or pressure in the lower abdomen
Pelvic pain (dull or sharp, may come and go)
Pain during periods or sex
Pain with nausea/vomiting if the ovary twists
Sudden severe pain if a cyst ruptures

Less Common Symptoms

Lower back or thigh ache
Trouble fully emptying bladder or bowel
Breast tenderness
Unexplained weight gain
Needing to urinate more often
Unusual vaginal bleeding
Risk Factors
Hormonal treatments that trigger ovulation
Endometriosis
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Family history of ovarian cysts
Being of reproductive age
Fertility & Pregnancy
Most ovarian cysts do not affect fertility
Some conditions (like PCOS or endometriosis) can affect fertility
Large cysts during pregnancy may need monitoring or removal
Emotional Wellbeing

Persistent pain, bloating or fertility concerns can affect mood, confidence and relationships.

It's okay to ask for emotional support or counselling

You don't have to cope with it alone

How Cysts Are Diagnosed
Pelvic exam
Ultrasound scan
Blood tests (to check hormones or rule out cancer)
MRI (if needed for detailed images)

Most cysts are monitored over time to see if they shrink on their own.

Self-Care Tips
Track your symptoms (pain, bloating, period changes)
Manage stress and rest if in discomfort
See your doctor early if anything feels unusual
Surgery to Remove Ovarian Cysts

Surgery is only needed if the cyst is large, painful, persistent, or possibly cancerous.

Laparoscopy

Keyhole surgery using small cuts

Often used for smaller, benign cysts

Laparotomy

Open surgery through a larger cut in the abdomen

Used for larger or possibly cancerous cysts

Remember

Ovarian cysts are common and usually harmless.

Early assessment helps prevent complications and protect fertility.

We're here to support you every step of the way.

If you have symptoms of ovarian cysts, book an appointment — you don't have to worry alone.